Arithmetic and Number Theory calculators

Calculate arithmetic expressions with parentheses and standard operation order, using explicit multiplication and readable results.

Work with exact integer operations, bounded high-precision decimals and mathematical expressions, choosing the mode suited to the numbers.

Perform exact binary integer arithmetic and convert signed integers between base 2 and decimal without floating-point conversion.

List the positive factors shared by all entered whole numbers and identify their greatest common factor.

Raise a real number to a positive, negative or fractional power within the supported real-number domain.

List the positive factors of an integer and its prime decomposition, with inputs capped to keep trial division responsive.

Add, subtract, multiply, divide, simplify and compare fractions, with mixed-number and decimal input support.

Find the greatest common factor of a set of whole numbers using the Euclidean greatest-common-divisor relationship.

Model exponential decay, solve for remaining or initial quantity and elapsed time, or convert half-life and decay constants.

Calculate exact hexadecimal integer operations and convert signed values between base 16 and decimal, using digits 0–9 and A–F.

Find the least common multiple of whole numbers and use it to identify a shared repeating interval or denominator.

Calculate logarithms in a valid positive base, or solve for a missing argument or base from a known logarithm.

Divide integers to find a quotient and remainder, or inspect digit-by-digit long-division steps for supported inputs.

Add, subtract, multiply, scale, transpose and raise matrices to integer powers, or calculate determinants and inverses up to 10 by 10.

Find a percentage, percentage change or difference, adjust a value, and reverse a change to recover the original amount.

Compare an observed value with a nonzero accepted value to calculate absolute percentage error and signed error.

Break a positive integer into prime factors and repeated powers, within the supported one-trillion input limit.

Solve quadratic equations, inspect the discriminant and find real or complex roots, with linear handling when the quadratic term is zero.

Generate random whole numbers or fixed-precision decimals within bounds, with unique-value and sorting options using exact sampling.

Simplify whole-number ratios, solve any missing proportion term, or enlarge and shrink both parts by a scale factor.

Find square roots, cube roots and other integer-index roots, including supported real odd roots of negative numbers.

Round decimal numbers by places or significant figures, or use a chosen increment and explicit halfway-value rule.

Evaluate mathematical expressions with powers, logarithms and trigonometric functions, using an explicit degree or radian setting.

Convert decimal numbers to scientific notation and perform supported arithmetic on coefficients and powers of ten.